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中能專訪丨蔚藍(lán)電脈：地中海高壓直流織就跨境區(qū)域電網(wǎng)

來源：中國能源新聞網(wǎng) 時間：2026-06-15 15:30

　　蔚藍(lán)電脈：地中海高壓直流織就跨境區(qū)域電網(wǎng)

　　——專訪CIGRE希臘國家委員會秘書長、雅典國立技術(shù)大學(xué)

　　副教授克里斯托斯·克里斯托杜盧

　　Exclusive：Mediterranean HVDC Creates Cross-border Regional Power Grid

　　An Interview with Christos Christodoulou,General Secretary of the Greek National Committee of CIGRE, Associate Professor of

　　the National Technical University of Athens

　　中國能源新聞網(wǎng) 記者孔德琳 實習(xí)記者王雪聰

　　By Kong Delin,Wang Xuecong, China Energy News

　　【人物簡介】克里斯托斯·克里斯托杜盧博士是雅典國立技術(shù)大學(xué)（NTUA）電氣與計算機(jī)工程學(xué)院副教授，分別于2006年和2010年在該校獲得工程文憑及博士學(xué)位。2013年至2015年，他作為博士后研究員在色雷斯德謨克利特大學(xué)（DUTH）工作；2016年至2022年任職于希臘配電網(wǎng)絡(luò)運營商（HEDNO）?？死锼雇卸疟R博士曾以研究人員及項目協(xié)調(diào)員身份參與多項國內(nèi)外（第七框架計劃、地平線2020計劃、LIFE環(huán)境行動計劃、伊拉斯謨計劃）科研項目，研究領(lǐng)域涵蓋高壓工程、高壓直流技術(shù)、電力系統(tǒng)、智能電網(wǎng)、電氣測試、電磁兼容性、照明及節(jié)能技術(shù)。自任職以來，他已在國際頂尖期刊、會議論文集及專著中發(fā)表逾90篇論文，并擔(dān)任多份學(xué)術(shù)期刊及會議論文集的評審專家或編委會成員。

　　在地中海地緣與氣候交織的特殊區(qū)位下，依托高壓直流線纜構(gòu)建跨境互聯(lián)能源電網(wǎng)，正成為歐洲能源轉(zhuǎn)型落地的關(guān)鍵路徑。希臘直面復(fù)雜地域工況帶來的線纜應(yīng)用難題，大力開展海底、陸地電纜技術(shù)自主研發(fā)。放眼全球，中國成熟的特高壓直流產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈與工程實踐，則為大范圍新能源遠(yuǎn)距離輸送提供參考范式。地中海的蔚藍(lán)電脈，如何依托高壓直流技術(shù)整合分散的跨境電力網(wǎng)架，銜接全球能源網(wǎng)絡(luò)？國際大電網(wǎng)委員會（CIGRE）希臘國家委員會秘書長、雅典國立技術(shù)大學(xué)副教授克里斯托斯?克里斯托杜盧，圍繞高壓直流技術(shù)落地與全球能源融通議題，接受了中能傳媒記者的專訪。

　　中能傳媒：在地中海和歐洲南部等復(fù)雜氣候與地理環(huán)境下，高壓直流（HVDC）電纜系統(tǒng)的絕緣設(shè)計與材料選型需要攻克哪些核心難題？

　　克里斯托斯·克里斯托杜盧：在地中海和南歐等復(fù)雜氣候與地理環(huán)境中，高壓直流輸電系統(tǒng)的絕緣設(shè)計及材料選擇必須應(yīng)對諸多關(guān)鍵挑戰(zhàn)?？傮w而言，歐洲電力系統(tǒng)正因可再生能源（風(fēng)能、太陽能）的高滲透率、跨境電力交易、電能替代及能源轉(zhuǎn)型而迅速發(fā)展。在此背景下，輸電基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施亟須大規(guī)模擴(kuò)建——包括新建地下及海底電纜走廊，并加強歐洲范圍內(nèi)的電網(wǎng)互聯(lián)。為此，高壓直流系統(tǒng)日益成為長距離輸電、海上風(fēng)電接入及洲際能源交換的首選方案。然而，當(dāng)前高壓直流電纜系統(tǒng)仍存在多項短板與技術(shù)難題，包括熱傳導(dǎo)瓶頸、直流絕緣性能、空間電荷積聚、熱應(yīng)力管控，以及交聯(lián)聚乙烯（XLPE）等傳統(tǒng)材料回收利用率偏低等問題。因此，未來解決方案需選用高導(dǎo)熱、耐環(huán)境應(yīng)力、可回收性更優(yōu)的新型熱塑性材料與納米填料改性絕緣材料。與此同時，精準(zhǔn)的老化預(yù)測模型、優(yōu)化的電纜幾何結(jié)構(gòu)以及基于人工智能的監(jiān)測技術(shù)對于確保該地區(qū)輸電系統(tǒng)的長期可靠性、運行安全性和可再生能源高效整合至關(guān)重要。

　　中能傳媒：希臘作為CIGRE組織成員之一，將在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定、試點示范及技術(shù)攻關(guān)等哪些領(lǐng)域，推動全球高壓直流電纜技術(shù)協(xié)同發(fā)展？

　　克里斯托斯·克里斯托杜盧：作為CIGRE組織的活躍成員，希臘可在多個戰(zhàn)略領(lǐng)域為全球高壓直流輸電電纜技術(shù)的未來發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)力量。希臘可支持涉及先進(jìn)絕緣系統(tǒng)、老化評估方法、監(jiān)測技術(shù)及可回收電纜材料等領(lǐng)域的國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作；希臘的實驗室和研究機(jī)構(gòu)還可參與試點驗證活動，特別是在高壓測試、濕度與老化研究、基于人工智能的診斷技術(shù)以及適用于地中海環(huán)境的海底電纜應(yīng)用等領(lǐng)域。此外，希臘還可研發(fā)新型聚合物絕緣材料、超導(dǎo)電纜技術(shù)方案，以及用于提升長距離高壓直流互聯(lián)線路可靠性與運行效率的云監(jiān)測平臺，助力全球技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與歐洲能源轉(zhuǎn)型。

　　中能傳媒：您認(rèn)為，中國高壓直流輸電技術(shù)、電力電子技術(shù)和裝備在全球處于何種地位？它們在全球范圍內(nèi)發(fā)揮了怎樣的作用？

　　克里斯托斯·克里斯托杜盧：中國如今已成為全球高壓直流輸電及電力電子設(shè)備領(lǐng)域最強大的工業(yè)強國之一， 就特高壓直流（UHVDC）而言，更是當(dāng)之無愧的領(lǐng)跑者。其優(yōu)勢不僅體現(xiàn)在技術(shù)實力上，更在于實現(xiàn)了前所未有的大規(guī)模部署：中國已建成全球最大的特高壓（UHV）交流/直流輸電基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)（包含數(shù)十個項目），運營中的UHV線路總長度超過6萬公里，跨區(qū)域輸電容量達(dá)數(shù)十吉瓦，甚至可達(dá)數(shù)百吉瓦，并在換流變壓器、換流閥、絕緣配合技術(shù)及柔性直流技術(shù)方面取得重大創(chuàng)新。與此同時，中國電力電子企業(yè)已成為全球清潔能源供應(yīng)鏈的核心力量——尤其是在光伏逆變器領(lǐng)域，頂尖供應(yīng)商大多來自中國并占據(jù)全球市場主導(dǎo)地位。這一點尤為重要，因為隨著光伏發(fā)電、儲能、電動汽車充電及分布式電源快速發(fā)展，逆變器已不再是輔助設(shè)備，而正逐步成為電網(wǎng)的核心資產(chǎn)。

　　在全球范圍內(nèi)，中國的角色在于證明跨大陸規(guī)模的可再生能源輸電在技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)上均具有可行性：來自偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的水電、風(fēng)能和太陽能均可高效輸送至沿海及工業(yè)需求中心。

　　【Profile】Dr. Christos Christodoulou is an Associate Professor at the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA). He received his diploma and his PhD degree from the NTUA, in 2006 and 2010, respectively. From 2013 to 2015 he was a postdoctoral researcher at the Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH). From 2016 to 2022 he worked for the Hellenic Distribution Network Operator (HEDNO). Dr. Christodoulou has been participating as a researcher and coordinator in various national and international (FP7, H2020, Horizon, LIFE, Erasmus) research projects about high voltage engineering, HVDC technologies, power systems, smart grids, electrical tests, electromagnetic compatibility, lighting and energy saving. He has published more than 90 papers in leading international journals, conferences and books, since he has served also as a reviewer or as a member of the editorial board in journals and conferences.

　　In the Mediterranean's unique geographical and climatic conditions, building a cross-border interconnected energy grid via high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cables is emerging as a pivotal pathway for Europe’s energy transition. Confronted with formidable engineering constraints caused by complex geographic conditions, Greece has invested intensively in domestic research and development of submarine and onshore cable technologies. Worldwide, China’s mature ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) industrial chain and proven engineering projects have set a benchmark for long-distance bulk power transmission of large-scale renewable energy. How can Mediterranean power leverage HVDC technology to integrate fragmented cross-border power infrastructures and connect to the global energy network? Christos Christodoulou, Secretary-General of the Greek National Committee of CIGRE and Associate Professor at the National Technical University of Athens, gave an exclusive interview to China Energy News on HVDC practical deployment and global energy interconnection.

　　China Energy News：Under the complex climatic and geographical conditions of the Mediterranean and Southern Europe, what core challenges need to be addressed in the insulation design and material selection of HVDC cable systems?

　　Christos Christodoulou：In complex climate and geographical environments, such as the Mediterranean and Southern Europe, the insulation design and material selection of HVDC cable systems must address several critical challenges. In general, European power systems are rapidly evolving due to high RES penetration (wind, solar), cross-border electricity exchange, as well as electrification and energy transition. In this context, massive expansion of transmission infrastructure is required, i.e. new underground and submarine cable corridors and stronger interconnections across Europe. To this directions, HVDC systems are increasingly preferred for long-distance transmission, offshore wind integration and intercontinental energy exchange. However, current cable HVDC systems face limitations and several key technical challenges related to thermal bottlenecks, DC insulation behavior, space charge accumulation, thermal stress management, and limited recyclability of conventional materials, such as XLPE. Future solutions therefore require advanced thermoplastic and nanofiller-enhanced insulating materials with higher thermal conductivity, improved resistance to environmental stress, and better recyclability. In parallel, accurate aging prediction models, optimized cable geometries, and AI-based monitoring technologies are essential to ensure long-term reliability, operational safety, and efficient renewable-energy integration across the region.

　　China Energy News：As a member of CIGRE, in what areas, such as standard formulating, pilot demonstration projects, and technological innovations, will Greece promote collaborative development of global HVDC cable technology in the future?

　　Christos Christodoulou：As an active member of CIGRE, Greece can contribute to the future collaborative development of global HVDC cable technology in several strategic areas. Greece can support international standardization efforts related to advanced insulation systems, aging assessment methodologies, monitoring technologies, and recyclable cable materials. In addition, Greek laboratories and research institutions can participate in pilot validation activities, particularly in areas such as high-voltage testing, humidity and aging studies, AI-based diagnostics, and submarine cable applications relevant to the Mediterranean environment. Greece may also contribute to initiatives about technological innovation through the development of advanced polymeric insulation materials, superconducting cable concepts, and cloud-based monitoring platforms that improve the reliability and efficiency of long-distance HVDC interconnections supporting Europe’s energy transition.

　　China Energy News：How would you assess China’s standing in HVDC transmission  technology, power electronics and equipment, and what role have these technologies played across the globe?

　　Christos Christodoulou：China is now one of the world's strongest - and in UHVDC arguably the leading - industrial powers in HVDC transmission and power-electronics equipment. Its strongest position lies not only in technological capability, but in deployment at an unprecedented scale. China has built the world's largest UHV AC/DC transmission base, with dozens of projects, more than 60,000 km of UHV lines in operation, cross-regional transmission capacity reaching several tens, and possibly even hundreds, of GWs, and major innovation in converter transformers, converter valves, insulation coordination and flexible DC technologies. At the same time, Chinese power-electronics firms have become central to the global clean-energy supply chain, especially in PV inverters, where the majority of the top suppliers are China-based and hold a dominant share of the global market. This is particularly important because inverters are no longer peripheral devices; they are becoming grid-critical assets as solar, storage, EV charging and distributed energy continue to grow.

　　Globally, China's role has been to demonstrate that continent-scale renewable-energy transmission is technically and economically feasible: hydro, wind and solar power from remote regions can be transported efficiently to coastal and industrial demand centers.

　　責(zé)任編輯：劉礎(chǔ)琪